The following bibliography lists studies in Western languages on the history and appreciation of gardens in China. For a comprehensive, topically ordered bibliography of 20th-century studies (including those in Chinese and Japanese) refer to Stanislaus Fung's "Guide to secondary sources on Chinese gardens," in Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 18, 3 (Autumn 1998), 269-286.

Go to the chronological list

• Attiret, Jean-Denis, S.J. (1702-1768). "Lettre à M. d'Assaut, 1er novembre 1743," in Lettres édifiantes et curieuses écrites des missions étrangères par quelques missionnaires de la compagnie de Jésus. Paris: Guérin, 1749, 27:1-61. English translation of 1752 by Joseph Spence [Sir Harry Beaumont], A Particular Account of the Emperor of China's Gardens near Pekin; rpt. in The English Landscape Garden, ed. John Dixon Hunt (New York and London: Garland Publishing, 1982).

• Bald, R.C. "Sir William Chambers and the Chinese Garden," in Julia Ching and Willard G. Oxtoby eds. Discovering China: European interpretations in the Enlightenment. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 1992, 142-175.

• Barmé, Geremie. The Garden of Perfect Brightness: A Life in Ruins. George Ernest Morrison Lecture in Ethnology, 57. Canberra: Australian National University.

• Barnhart, Richard. Peach Blossom Spring: Gardens and Flowers in Chinese Painting. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1983.

• Barrier, Janine, Monique Mosser, and Che Bing Chiu eds. William Chambers, Aux jardins de Cathay: L'imaginaire anglo-chinois en Occident. Paris: Éditions de l'imprimeur, 2004.

• Baud-Berthier, Gilles, and Che Bing Chiu, eds., Jardin du lettré: Synthèse des arts en Chine. Paris: Éditions de l'imprimeur, 2004.

• Bauer, Wolfgang. China und die Hoffnung auf Glück: Paradiese, Utopien, Idealvorstellungen in der Geistesgeschichte Chinas. M7uuml;nchen: Hanser, 1971.

• Bauer, Wolfgang. China and the Search for Happiness: Recurring Themes in Four Thousand Years of Chinese Cultural History. New York: Seabury Press, 1976. Translated from the 1971 German China und die Hoffnung auf Glück by Michael Shaw.

• Berque, Augustin. Les raisons du paysage: de la Chine antique aux environnements de synthèse. Paris: Hazan, 1995).

• Beuchert, Marianne. Die Gärten Chinas. Köln: Diederichs Verlag, 1983.

• Bickford, Maggie (ed.). Bones of Jade, Soul of Ice. The Flowering Plum in Chinese Art. New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, 1985.

• Bickford, Maggie. Ink Plum: The Making of a Chinese Scholar-Painting Genre. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

• Brandel, Judith, and Tina Turbeville. Tiger Balm Gardens: A Chinese Billionaire's Fantasy Environments. Hong Kong: Aw Boon Haw Foundation, 1998.

• Brown, Claudia. "Where Immortals Dwell: Shared Symbolism in Painting and Scholar's Rocks," Oriental Art 44, 1 (1998), 11-17.

• Campbell, Duncan. "Qi Biaojia's 'Footnotes to Allegory Mountain': Introduction and Translation," Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes, Chinese Gardens II, 19, 3/4 (1999), 239-242.

• Campell, Duncan, transl. A Personal Record of My Garden of Reflections, by Zheng Yuanxun. Asian Studies Institute Translation Papers, no. 5. Wellington, New Zealand: Asian Studies Insitute, Victoria University of Wellington, 2004. Download this text as a pdf file.

• Chambers, Sir William, (1726-1796). A Dissertation of Oriental Gardening. Rpt.: Farnborough: Gregg, 1972.

• Chao, Chung-Sheng. "Aspects of Traditional Chinese Houses and Gardens," Ph.D. dissertation (University of Sydney, Dept. of Architecture, 1989).

• Chayet, Anne. "Architectural Wonderland: An Empire of Fictions," in New Qing Imperial History: The Making of Inner Asian Empire at Qing Chengde, edited by James A. Millward et al. London and New York: Routledge Curzon, 2004,33-52.

• Chen Haozi (b. 1611). Miroir des fleurs. Guide pratique du jardinier amateur en Chine au XVIIe siècle. Paris: Librairie Plon, 1900. Translation by Jules Halphin of Chen's Hua jing of 1688.

• Chen Lixian. Art and Architecture in Suzhou Gardens. Nanjing: Yilin Press, 1992.

• Chen, Congzhou. Shuo yuan / On Chinese Gardens. Translated by Chen Xiongshan et al. Shanghai: Tongji University Press, 1984.

• Chen, K.S., and G. N. Kates. "Prince Kung's Palace and Its Adjoining Garden in Peking," Monumenta Serica 5 (1940), 1-80.

• Chen, Lifang, and Yu Sianglin. The Garden Art of China. Portland, OR: Timber Press, 1986. Translation of Zhongguo caoyuan yishu. Review: by Jusuck Koh in Landscape Journal 8, 1 (Spring 1989), 70-75.

• Cheng Liyao. Ancient Chinese Architecture: Imperial Gardens. New York: Springer Verlag, 1998.

• Cheng Liyao. Ancient Chinese Architecture: Private Gardens. New York: Springer Verlag. Translation of Cheng's Zhongguo Gujianzhu Daxi: Wenren Yuanlin Jianzhu.

• Chiu, Che Bing. "Droiture et Clarté: Scène Paysagère au Jardin de la Clarté Parfaite," Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes, Chinese Gardens II, 19, 3/4 (1999), 364-375.

• Chiu, Che Bing. Yuanming yuan: le jardin de la clarté parfaite. Paris: Les éditions de l'imprimeur, 2000.

• Chung, Anita. "The Construction of a Chinese Garden Image," Orientations 34, 7 (September 2003), 73-76.

• Chung, Anita. Drawing Boundaries: Architectural Images in Qing China. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2004.

• Cibot, Pierre Martial, (1727-1780). "Essai sur les jardins de plaisance des chinois," in Mémoirs concernant l'histoire, les sciences, les arts, les moeurs, les usages, etc. des chinois par les missionaires de Pé-kin, 3:423-437.

• Clement, Sophie, Pierre Clement, and Shin Yong-hak. Architecture du paysage en Extrême-Orient. Paris: Ecole nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, 1987.

• Clunas, Craig. "Deal and Reality in the Ming Garden," in Erik de Jong and Leslie Tjon Sie Fat, eds., The Authentic Garden. Amsterdam: Clusius Foundation, 1991, 197-205.

• Clunas, Craig. "Nature and Ideology in Western Descriptions of the Chinese Garden," Extrême-Orient, Extrême-Occident 22 (2000), 153-166 (reprint from the 1997 Dumbarton Oaks volume Nature and Ideology: Natural Garden Design in the Twentieth Century).

• Clunas, Craig. "The Gift and the Garden," Orientations 26, 2 (1995), 38-45.

• Clunas, Craig. Fruitful Sites. Garden Culture in Ming China. Durham: Duke University Press. Reviews: by Mark Jackson in Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes, Chinese Gardens II 19, 3/4 (Autumn/Winter 1999), 302-313.

• Conner, Patrick. "China and the Landscape Garden: Reports, Engravings and Misconception," Art History (London) 2, 4 (December 1979), 429-440.

• Cranz, Galen. "The Useful and Beautiful: Urban Parks in China," in Landscape 23.2 (1979), 3-10.

• Currie, Christopher K. "Fishponds as Garden Features, c.1550-1750", Garden History 18 (1990), 22-46.

• Danby, Hope. The Garden of Perfect Brightness: The History of the Yuan Ming Yuan and of the Emperors who lived there. London: Henry Regnery Company, 1950.

• Dardess, John. "A Ming Landscape: Settlement, Land Use, Labor, and Estheticism in Tai-ho County, Kiangsi," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 49, 2 (Dec., 1989), 295-364. Download this article in pdf, if your library subscribes to JSTOR.

• Droguet, Vincent. "Les palais européens de l'empereur Qianlong et leurs sources italiennes", Histoire de l'art, 25-26 (1994), 15-28.

• Durand, A., and Regine Thiriez. "Engraving the Emperor of China's European Palaces," Biblion: The Bulletin of the New York Public Library, 1, 2 (Spring 1993), 81-107.

• Egan, Ronald. "The Peony's Allure: Botanical Treatises and Floral Beauty," Chapter 3 in Ronald Egan, The Problem of Beauty: Aesthetic Thought and Pursuits in Northern Song Dynasty China. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2006, 109-161.

• Elwood, Philip H. "Impressions of Garden Art in China and Japan," Landscape Architecture 20, 3 (April 1930), 192-200.

• Fang-tu, Lien-che. "Ming Gardens," Papers in Far Eastern History 22 (September 1980), 1-15.

• Feng Jin. "Jing. the Concept of Scenery in Texts on the Traditional Chinese Garden: An Initial Exploration," Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 18, 4 (Winter 1998), 339-365.

• Feng, Jin. "Wonders of the Eastern Garden: A Study of Architectural Accuracy and the Rule of Axonometric Projection," Orientations 33, 3 (March 2002), 77-83.

• Forêt, Philippe. "The Intended Perception of the Imperial Gardens of Chengde in 1780," Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes, Chinese Gardens II, 19, 3/4 (1999), 343-363.

• Forèt, Phillippe. Mapping Chengde: The Qing Landscape Enterprise. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2000.

• Fung, Stanislaus, and Mark Jackson. "Four Key Terms in the History of Chinese Gardens," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Chinese Architectural History. Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong (August, 1995).

• Fung, Stanislaus, ed. Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes, Chinese Gardens II, 19:3/4 (Autumn/Winter 1999). Includes nine articles, including several translations of early Chinese texts.

• Fung, Stanislaus. "Body and Appropriateness in Yuan ye," Intersight 4 (1997), 84-91.

• Fung, Stanislaus. "Garden, VI, 1: China," The Dictionary of Art, vol. 12, ed. Jane Turner. New York: Grove's Dictionaries, 1996, 85-101.

• Fung, Stanislaus. "Guide to secondary sources on Chinese gardens," Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 18, 3 (Autumn 1998), 269-286.

• Fung, Stanislaus. "Here and There in the Yuan Ye," Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 19, 1 (Spring 1999), 36-45.

• Fung, Stanislaus. "Longing and Belonging in Chinese Garden History." In Perspectives on Garden Histories, ed. Michel Conan, 207-221. Washington D.C.: Dumberton Oaks, The Trustees for Harvard University, 1999.

• Fung, Stanislaus. "Movement and Stillness in Ming Writings on Gardens," in Landscape Design and the Experience of Motion. Edited by Michel Conan, 243-262. Washington D.C.: Dumberton Oaks, The Trustees for Harvard University, 2003.

• Fung, Stanislaus. "Mutuality and the Cultures of Landscape Architecture." In Recovering Landscape: Essays in Contemporary Landscape Architecture. Edited by James Corner. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999.

• Fung, Stanislaus. "Notes on the Make-do Garden," Utopian Studies 9, 1 (1998), 142-148.

• Fung, Stanislaus. "Self, Scene and Action: The Final Chapter of Yuan ye." In Landscapes of Memory and Experience. Edited by Jan Birksted. London and New York: Spon Press, 2000.

• Fung, Stanislaus. "The interdisciplinary prospects of reading Yuan ye," Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 18, 3 (Autumn 1998), 211-231.

• Fung, Stanislaus. "Word and Garden in Chinese Essays on Gardens of the Ming Dynasty: Notes on Matters of Approach," in Interfaces: Image, Texte, Langage (Dijon, France), 11-12 (June 1997), 77-90.

• Genest, Gilles. "Les Palais européens du Yuanmingyuan: essai sur la végétation dans les jardins," Arts Asiatiques 49 (1994), 82-94.

• Gournay, Antoine. "L'aménagement de l'espace dans le jardin chinois," Asies II: Aménager l'espace. Flora Blanchon (ed.). Paris: Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne, 1993.

• Gournay, Antoine. Jardins de Chine et du Japon: Conception et organisation de l'espace. Paris: CNDP, 2000. Booklet plus 24 slides.

• Graham, Dorothy. Chinese Gardens: Gardens of the Contemporary Scene, an Account of their Design and Symbolism. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1938.

• Hall, David L., and Roger T. Ames. "The cosmological setting of Chinese gardens," Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 18, 3 (Autumn 1998), 175-186.

• Hammond, Kenneth J. "Wang Shizhen's Yan Shan Garden Essays: Narrating a Literati Landscape," Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes, Chinese Gardens II, 19, 3/4 (1999), 276-287.

• Han Pao-te. The Story of Chinese Landscape Design: External Forms and Internal Visions. Translation by Carl Shen. Taipei: Youth Cultural Enterprise, 1992.

• Handlin-Smith, Joanna. "Gardens in Ch'i Pao-chia's Social World: Wealth and Values in Late-Ming Kiangnan," Journal of Asian Studies 51, 1 (February 1992), 55-81. Download this article in pdf if your institution subscribes to JSTOR.

• Hardie, Alison. "Hu Yinglin's Connoisseurs of Flowers': Translation and Commentary," Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes, Chinese Gardens II, 19, 3/4 (1999), 243-271.

• Hardie, Alison. "Ji Cheng's Yuan Ye (The Craft of Gardens) in its Social Setting," in Erik de Jong and Leslie Tjon Sie Fat, eds., The Authentic Garden. Amsterdam: Clusius Foundation, 1991, 207-214.

• Hardie, Alison. "Pictorial Representations of Gardens in 16th-17th Century China," Transactions of the Oriental Ceramic Society 67 (2002-2003), 33-47.

• Hardie, Alison. "Yuan Huang's Record of the Hall Surrounded by Jade of Master Sitting - in - Reculsion," Studies in the History of Gardens and Designed Landscapes 25, 1 (January-March 2005), 71-81.

• Hardie, Alison. "'Massive Structure' or 'Spacious Naturalness'? Aesthetic Choices in the Wang Families' Gardens in Taicang," Ming Studies 55 (2007), 3-33.

• Hargett, James. "Huizong's Magic Marchmount: The Genyue Pleasure Park of Kaifeng," Monumenta Serica 38 (1988-89), 1-48.

• Hargett, James. "The Pleasure Parks of Kaifeng and Lin'an during the Song (960-1279)," Chinese Culture 30, 1 (March 1989), 61-78.

• Harrist, Robert E. "Art and Identity in the Northern Sung Dynasty: Evidence from Gardens," in Arts of the Sung and Yüan, edited by Maxwell K. Hearn and Judith G. Smith. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1996.

• Harrist, Robert E. "Landscape and Calligraphy in China," Orientations 31, 12 (December 2000), 64-69.

• Harrist, Robert E. "Mountains, Rocks and Stone Pictures: Forms of Visual Imagination in China," Orientations (December 2003), 39-45.

• Harrist, Robert E. "Site Names and their Meaning in the Garden of Solitary Enjoyment," Journal of Garden History 13 (1993), 199-212.

• Harrist, Robert E. Painting and Private Life in Eleventh-Century China. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

• Hay, John. "Structure and Aesthetic Criteria in Chinese Rocks and Art,' Res 13 (Spring 1987), 6-22.

• Hay, John. Kernels of Energy, Bones of Earth. The Rock in Chinese Art. New York: China Institute in America, 1985.

• He, Shan-An, et al. eds. Present Conservation Status of Rare and Endangered Species in Chinese Botanical Gardens: Supplement to International Symposium on Botantical Gardens, 25-28 September 1988 held at Nanjing, China. Nanjing: Jiangsu Science & Tec, 1990.

• Hearn, Maxwell K. "An Early Ming Example of Multiples: Two Versions of Elegant Gathering in the Apricot Garden," in Judith G. Smith and Wen C.Fong eds., Issues of Authenticity in Chinese Painting. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999, 221-256.

• Hecken, J. L. van, and W.A. Grootaers. "The Half Acre Garden, Pan-mou Yüan," Monumenta Serica 18 (1959), 360-387.

• Hesemann, Sabine. "Die Gärten Chinas: Berichte von Arkadien - Notizen zur chinesischen Gartenkultur," in China: Kunst, Kultur, Wirtschaft: Dreitausend Jahre chinesische Kunst und Kultur und chinesisch-deutsche Beziehungen am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts, edited by Wilhelm Becker et al. Soest: Institut für Technologie- und Wissenstransfer, 1999, 38-61.

• Howard, Edwin Laclede. Chinese Garden Architecture: A Collection of Photographs of Minor Chinese Buildings. New York: Macmillan, 1931.

• Hu, Dongzhu. The Way of Virtuous: The Influence of Art and Philosophy on Chinese Garden Design. Beijing: New World Press.

• Hu, Kemin. Scholars' Rocks in Ancient China: The Suyuan Stone Catalogue. Trumbull, Conn.: Weatherhill, 2002.

• Hu, Philip K. "The Shao Garden of Mi Wanzhong (1570-1628): Revisiting a Late-Ming Landscape Through Visual and Literary Sources," Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes, Chinese Gardens II, 19, 3/4 (1999), 314-342.

• Inn, Henry, and Shao-chung Lee eds. Chinese Houses and Gardens. Honolulu: Fong Inn, 1940.

• Institute of History of Natural Sciences, CAS (comp.). History and Development of Ancient Chinese Architecture. Beijing: Science Press, 1986.

• Ip, Benjamin Wai-bun. "The Expression of Nature in Traditional Suzhou Gardens," Journal of Garden History 6, 2 (April-June 1986), 125-140.

• Jeffrey F. Meyer. "Salvation in the Garden: Daoism and Ecology," in Daoism and Ecology: Ways Within a Cosmic Landscape, ed. N.J. Girardot et al. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001), 219-236.

• Ji Cheng. The Craft of Gardens [Yuan ye], trans. Alison Hardie, with a foreward by Maggie Keswick. New Haven and London. Reviews: by Joseph McDermott in Garden History 18, 1 (1990), 70-74; by Jan Stuart in Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 49, 2 (June 1990).

• Ji Cheng. Yuanye, le traité du jardin (1634). Translated by Che Bing Chiu. Besançon: Les éditions de l'imprimeur, 1997.

• Johnston, R. Stewart. Scholar Gardens of China: A Study and Analysis of the Spatial Design of the Chinese Private Garden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Reviews: by J. C.Y. Watt in Journal of Asian Studies 52, 2 (May 1993), 441-442 (download in pdf via JSTOR).

• Kerby, Kate. An Old Chinese Garden. A Three-fold Masterpiece of Poetry, Calligraphy and Painting, by Wen Chen Ming, Famous Landscape Artist of the Ming Dynasty. Studies written by Kate Kerby, Translations by Mo Zung Chung. Shanghai: Chung Hwa Book Co., 1922.

• Keswick, Maggie. The Chinese Garden: History, Art and Architecture. New York: Rizzoli, 1978. Reviews: by John Pilcher in Asian Affairs 11, pt.2 (June 1980), 196-198.

• Keswick, Maggie. The Chinese Garden: History, Art and Architecture 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986.

• Keswick, Maggie. The Chinese Garden: History, Art, and Architecture. 3rd edition, revised by Alison Hardie. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003. Reviewed by Philip K. Hu in Artibus Asiae 65.1 (2005).

• Laing, Ellen Johnston. "Ch'iu Ying's Two Garden Paintings Belonging to the Chion-in, Kyoto," in Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Chinese Art History: Painting and Calligraphy. Taipei: National Palace Museum, 1992, 1:331-358.

• Laing, Ellen Johnston. "Qiu Ying's Depiction of Sima Guang's Duluo Yuan and the View from the Chinese Garden," Oriental Art 33 (1987), 375-380.

• Laing, Ellen Johnston. "Real or Ideal: The Problem of the 'Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden' in Chinese Historical and Art Historical Records," Journal of the American Oriental Society 88, 3. (July-September 1968), 419-435.Download this article in pdf, if your library subscribes to JSTOR.

• Laufer, Berthold. "The Wang Ch'uan T'u. A Landscape of Wang Wei," Ostasiatische Zeitschrift 1 (1912-1913), 28-55.

• Ledderose, Lothar. "The Earthly Paradise: Religious Elements in Chinese Landscape Art," in Theories of the Arts in China, Susan Bush and Christian Murck eds. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983, 165-183.

• Li, Hui-lin. Garden Flowers of China. New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1959.

• Li, June, and James Cahill. Paintings of Zhi Garden by Zhang Hong: Revisiting a Seventeenth- Century Chinese Garden. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1996.

• Li, Xiaodong, and Felicia Lim. "Poetics of gardening: A holistic approach towards Chinese landscape cultivation based on the case study of Yuan Ye," Studies in the History of Gardens and Designed Landscapes 24, 3 (July-September 2004), 229-249.

• Lin Shuen-fu. "A Good Place Need Not Be a Nowhere: The Garden and Utopian Thought in the Six Dynasties," in Zai Zongqi ed., Chinese Aesthetics: The Ordering of Literature, the Arts, and the Universe in the Six Dynasties. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2004, 123-166.

• Little, Stephen. "Spirit Stones of China: The Ian and Susan Wilson Collection," Orientations 30, 5 (May 1999), 32-39.

• Little, Stephen. Spirit Stones of China: The Ian and Susan Wilson Collection of Chinese Stones, Paintings, and Related Scholars' Objects. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago; Berkeley: University of California Press.

• Liu Dunzhen. Chinese Classical Gardens of Suzhou. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992. Translation by Chen Lixian of Liu's 1979 Suzhou gudian yuanlin.

• Liu Dunzhen. La maison chinoise. Paris: Bibliothèque Berger-Levrault, 1980. Translation and adaptation by Georges Métailié et al. of Liu's Zhongguo zhuzhai gaishuo.

• Liu, Cary Y. "Sung Dynasty Painting of the T'ai-ch'ing-lou Library Hall: From Historical Commemoration to Architectural Renewal," Arts of the Sung and Yüan: Ritual, Ethnicity, and Style in Painting, edited by Cary Y. Liu and Dora C.Y. Ching. Princeton: The Art Museum, Princeton University, 1999, 94-119.

• Liu, Xiuzhi and Alison Hardie transl. "The Garden of Perfect Brightness (YUANMINGYUAN) at the Height of Its Splendour: Translated from Wang Wei (2002), / [The Yuanmingyan Ruins]," Studies in the History of Gardens and Designed Landscapes 25, 1 (January-March 2005), 1-22.

• Livingstone, J. "Account of the Method of Dwarfing Trees and Shrubs, as practiced by the Chinese, including their plan of propagation from branches," Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London 4 (1822), 224-231.

• Lutz, Albert, and Alexandra von Przychowski (eds.). Wege ins Paradies oder die Liebe zum Stein in China. Zurich: Museum Rietberg Zurich, 1998.

• Métailié, Georges, and Nicole Stäuble Tercier. Au jardin potager chinois. Vevey: Alimentarium, 1997.

• Métailié, Georges. "Insight into Chinese Traditional Botanical Knowledge," in Erik de Jong and Leslie Tjon Sie Fat, eds., The Authentic Garden. Amsterdam: Clusius Foundation, 1991, 215-223.

• Métailié, Georges. "Lettrés jardiniers en Chine Ancienne," Journal d'agriculture traditionelle et de botanique appliquée 37, 1 (1995), 31-44.

• Métailié, Georges. "Some hints on 'Scholar Gardens' and plants in traditional China," Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 18, 3 (Autumn 1998), 248-256.

• Makeham, John. "The Confucian role of names in traditional Chinese gardens," Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 18, 3 (Autumn 1998), 187-210.

• Malone, Carroll Brown. History of the Peking Summer Palaces under the Ch'ing Dynasty. Urbana: The University of Illinois, 1934 (rpt. New York: Paragon Book Reprint Corp., 1966).

• Markbreiter, Stephen. "Yu Yuan: A Shanghai Garden," Arts of Asia 9, 6 (November-December 1981), 99-110.

• McDowall, Stephen. "In Lieu of Flowers: The Transformation of Space and Self in Yuan Mei's (1716-1798) Garden Records," New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 3, 2 (December 2001), 136-149. Download as pdf.

• Meng, Yue. "Re-envisioning the Great Interior: Gardens and the Upper Class Between the Imperial and the 'Modern'," Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 14, 1 (Spring 2002), 1-49.

• Minford, John. "The Chinese garden: death of a symbol," Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 18, 3 (Autumn 1998), 257-268.

• Morris, Edwin T. The Gardens of China: History, Art and Meaning. New York: Scribners, 1983.

• Mowry, Robert D. Chinesische Gelehrtensteine aus der Sammlung Richard Rosenblum. Zurich: Museum Rietberg Zurich, 1998.

• Mowry, Robert, ed. Worlds Within Worlds: The Rosenblum Collection of Chinese Scholar's Rocks. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Art Museums.

• Munakata Kiyohiko. Sacred Mountains in Chinese Art. Campaign: Illinois University Press, 1991.

• Munakata, Kiyohiko. "Mysterious Heavens and Chinese Classical Gardens." Res 15 (1988), 61-88.

• Murck, Alfreda, and Wen Fong. "A Chinese Garden Court: The Astor Court at the Metropolitan Museum of Art," Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 38, 3 (Winter 1980-81), 1- 64.

• Murck, Alfreda. "Paintings of Stem Lettuce, Cabbage, and Weeds: Allusions to Tu Fu's Garden," Archives of Asian Art 48 (1995), 32-47.

• Nan, Chung Wah. The Art of Chinese Gardens. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1982.

• Nance, F.R. Soochow, The Garden City. Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh Ltd., 1936

• Needham, Joseph (ed.). Science and Civilisation in China. Vol. VI.1, Botany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

• Nelson, Susan E. "On Through to the Beyond: The Peach Blossom Spring as Paradise," Archives of Asian Ar t 39 (1986), 23-47.

• Olivova, Lucie. "Tibetan Temples in the Forbidden City (An Architectural Introduction)," Archiv Orientalni (Prague) 71, 3 (2003), 409-432.

• Pajin, Dusan. "Symbolism of Chinese Gardens," Journal of Oriental Studies 34, 1 (1996), 17-33.

• Paolillo, Maurizio. "Forging the Garden: The Yuanye and the Significance of the Chinese Garden in the 17th Century," East and West 53, 1-4 (December 2003), 209-239.

• Paolillo, Maurizio. "L'estetica del giardino Song. Il giardino di Sima Guang (1019-1086) come signum naturae," Asiatica Venetiana 5 (2000), 107-122.

• Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, Michèle. "A Pluridisciplinary Research on Castiglione and the Emperor Ch'ien-lung's European Palaces," National Palace Museum Bulletin 24, 4 and 5 (September 1989), 1-12 (December 1989), 1-16.

• Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, Michèle. "The Emperor Qianlong's European Palaces," Orientations (November 1988), 61-71.

• Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, Michele. Le Yuanmingyuan. Jeux d'eau et palais europeens du XVIIIe siècle à la cour de Chine. Paris: Editions recherche sur les civilisations, 1987.

• Plaks, Andrew H. Archetype and Allegory in the Dream of the Red Chamber (Chapter VII "The Chinese Literary Garden"; Chapter VIII "A Garden of Total Vision: The Allegory of the Ta-Kuan Yüan"). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976.

• Powell, Florence Lee. In the Chinese Garden: A Photographic Tour of the Complete Chinese Garden, with Text Explaining its Symbolism, as Seen in the Liu Yüan (the Liu Garden) and the Shih Tsu Lin (the Forest of Lions), Two Famous Chinese Gardens in the City of Soochow, Kiangsu Province, China. New York: John Day Co., 1943.

• Powers, Martin J. "Garden Rocks, Fractals, and Freedom: Tao Yuanming Comes Home," Oriental Art 44, 1 (Spring 1998), 28-38.

• Qiao, Yun ed. Classical Chinese Gardens. Hong Kong and Beijing: Joint Publishing Company Ltd., 1982.

• Rainer, Roland. Die Welt als Garten - China. Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1976.

• Rambach, Pierre, and Susanne Rambach. Gardens of Longevity in China and Japan: The Art of the Stone Raisers. New York: Rizzoli International, 1987.

• Ryor, Kathleen. "Nature Contained: Penjing and Flower Arrangements as Surrogate Gardens in Ming China," Orientations 33, 3 (March 2002), 68-75.

• Schafer, Edward H. "Cosmos in Miniature: The Tradition of the Chinese Garden," Landscape 12, 3 (Spring 1963), 24-26.

• Schafer, Edward H. "Li Te-yü and the Azalea," Asiatische Studien 18/19 (1965), 105-114.

• Schafer, Edward H. "The Idea of Created Nature in T'ang Literature," Philosophy East and West 15 (1965), 153-160.

• Schafer, Edward H. Tu Wan's Stone Catalogue of Cloudy Forest. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1961.

• Schafer, Edward. "Hunting Parks and Animal Enclosures in Ancient China," Journal of Economic and Social History of the Orient 11 (1968), 318-343.

• Schwarcz, Vera. "Garden and Museum: Shadows of Memory at Peking University," East Asian History 17-18 (June-December 1999), 169-192.

• Schwarcz, Vera. "The Garden in its Time: Visions of Refuge in One Corner of Beijing," Studies in the History of Gardens and Designed Landscapes 22, 4 (October-December 2002), 265-292.

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